Finally, harm reduction strategies targeted at problematic gamblers are potentially effective. Smoking and alcohol bans or restrictions are considered one of the most effective strategies.
Risk reduction strategies aim to reduce contextual risk factors of the area where gambling is provided, change the gambling locations’ features, and modify individual behaviors while gambling. Demand reduction interventions have been found to have limited effects but most of them are mainly focused on knowledge about risks and odds ratios. Reducing the supply of gambling is an effective strategy both for the general population and for risky or problematic gamblers. Sixteen reviews were analyzed, and 20 strategies were selected and classified in 4 areas with different targets and aims. It was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. This study aims to conduct an umbrella review of the effectiveness of gambling preventive and harm reduction strategies, which can be implemented at a local level and targeted at adults.
Prevention and harm reduction strategies play a crucial role in reducing gambling supply and harms. Concerns about negative consequences of gambling diffusion are increasing.
